ABSTRACT
Objective: To explore the change features of Ophiopogonis Radix in the development process, and to find the accumulation rules of effective components in Ophiopogonis Radix. Methods: The method of chlorfluazuron formulation was analyzed by HPLC. DAD detector, column temperature was set at 30 ℃ and detection wavelength was 203 nm; Flow rate was set at 0.8 mL/min and sample size was 15 μL and the mobile phase was acetonitrile (A)-water (B) with gradient elution mode (0~20 min, 25% A →40% A; 20~50 min, 40%~50% A; 50~60 min, 50%~70% A; 60~70 min, 70% A; 70~80 min, 70%~100% A, 80~90 min, 100% A), at the volume flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. ELSD detector, column temperature was set at 35 ℃, drift tube temperature at 100 ℃ and the gas flow rate was set at 3.0 L/min. The sample size was 15 μL and the mobile phase was acetonitrile (A)-0.1% phosphoric acid water (B) with gradient elution mode: 0~60 min, 35%~65% A, at the volume flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Results: The main components in the chromatogram were both separated well under the two conditions. At 203 nm, there were 14 effective peaks, the main components were flavones whose representative was methylophiopogonanone A. There were 11 effective peaks in the condition of ELSD, and the main peak represent saponins whose representative was Ophiopogonin D. It could be judged that the accumulation law of the each component in Ophiopogonis Radix was inconsistent in the different growth phase according to the peaks area. The overall change tendency of the components is increase to peak value and keep balance and to a slight decrease after the balance. Conclusion: The accumulation rules of effective components in Ophiopogonis Radix could be reflected comprehensively by HPLC specific chromatogram.It could provide abundant information for the produce of Ophiopogonis Radix and quality control.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the advantages and disadvantages of sulfuring to Codonopsis Radix in its process of storage. METHODS: Sulfur dioxide residual amount was determined by distillation. The character was observed referring to Ch.P. The content of polysaccharide was measured by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The contents of lobetyolin and rhizome atractylodis inner fat III were measured by high performance liquid chromatography, and fingerprints were established. RESULTS: Under the natural storage conditions, the contents of effective components decreased with the extension of storage time. After being stored for 30 m, the Codonopsis Radix samples without sulfuring treatment had darkened color and were damaged by worms seriously, the contents of polysaccharide, lobetyolin, and rhizome atractylodis inner fat III reduced by more than half, and yellow aspergillus toxin were detected; however, few sulfured samples were damaged by worms and the magnitude of content decrease of the three compounds was significantly smaller than that of the non-sulfured ones. CONCLUSION: Storage time is negatively correlated with the medicinal quality of Codonopsis Radix and proper sulfuring can slow the rate of quality deteriorating of Codonopsis Radix.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To provide a theoretical basis for scientific and rational use of paclobutrazol in the production of Ophiopogonis Radix. METHODS: Different concentrations of paclobutrazol were applied to Ophiopogonis Radix plants, and medicinal samples were colleted. The efficacy of Ophiopogonis Radix were comprehensively analyzed from the appearance of the herb and the contents of three kinds of effective components: flavonoids, saponins, and polysaccharides. Residues of paclobutrazol were detected. The effect of paclobutrazol use on the safety of Ophiopogonis Radix was evaluated according to the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of paclobutrazol in the GB2763-2014 and the amount of usage of paclobutrazol required by Chinese Pharmacopoeia. RESULTS: Paclobutrazol had no significant effects on the Ophiopogonis Radix appearance; and the contents of polysaccharides and flavonoid were increased in varying degrees, and saponins content were decreased. The daily intake of paclobutrazol was far less than the ADI (0.1 mg·kg-1 × body weight) when calculated using the maximum residue of paclobutrazol at the usage of 3 kg·acres-1 and the maximum usage amount of Ophiopogonis Radix in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. CONCLUSION: Paclobutrazol can be used within limits according to the actual situation in Ophiopogonis Radix production.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the qualities of Ophiopogonis Radix from four main producing areas in China to provide scientific basis for its quality control and clinical use. METHODS: The characteristics of the samples was compared according to the description in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.The contents of heavy metals, harmful elements and residual sulfur dioxide were measured by the methods recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.The contents of residual paclobutrazol and polysaccharide were respectively determined by GC and UV. The contents of ophiopogonin D, methylophiopogonanone A, and methylophiopogonanone B were measured by HPLC. RESULTS: Differences in the characteristics of the samples from the four producing areas were shown in the length, color, and smell.Ophiopogonis Radix from Hubei and Shandong was longer than those from Sichuan and Zhejiang.The color and smell of the samples from Zhejiang were darker and stronger than the samples from the other three provinces.The contents of heavy metal and harmful elements of all the samples were all less than the limit standards.Sulfur dioxide existed in the samples from Sichuan and Hubei.Paclobutrazol existed in the Sichuan samples.The differences in the contents of ophiopogonin D,methylophiopogonanone A, and methylo-phiopogonanone B in the samples from the four producing areas were significant.Ophiopogonin D could be detected in all the samples, but its content in the Zhejiang samples was lower. Methylophiopogonanone A and methylophiopogonanone B could be detected only in the samples from Sichuan and Zhejiang, and the contents in the Zhejiang samples were the highest.The fingerprint characteristics of the four samples was obvious.The number of effective component peaks of Sichuan sample was the greatest (7 peaks).Zhejiang samples took the second place(6 peaks).The samples from Hubei and Shandong both had 4 peaks.CONCLUSION: There is prominent difference in the qualities of Ophiopogonis Radix samples from different producing areas.Individualized quality control standards should be established.
ABSTRACT
Objective: Using chemical component content determination and fingerprint analysis to evaluate the effects of different drying methods on quality of Ophiopogonis Radix. Methods: The contents of total saponin, total flavonoids, and total polysaccharide were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry, and ophiopogonin D and methylophiopogonanone A were determined using HPLC; the chromatograms fingerprint was established by HPLC. Results: The influence of different drying methods on the chemical components in Ophiopogonis Radixa was significantly different, and the coefficient of variation fell in the range of 6.9%-20.8%. Among them, the damage degree of dried in the shade, dried in the sun, freeze drying and dried after semi-died in the sun is small on chemical component of Ophiopogon japonicus. However, the far infrared drying and microwave drying have the most serious effect; Ophiopogonis Radix samples have 18 characteristic peaks through HPLC. The 14 kinds of drying methods were divided into three types by cluster analysis, and a class of drying methods has similar drying conditions. Conclusion: The difference of drying method can be effectively reflected by the change of the content of chemical compositions and the feature of HPLC spectrum, which can be used as indicators of O. japonicus origin screening method. In the producing area, it is best to combine drying in the sun with in air source heat pump dryer in processing of Ophiopogonis Radix.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To explore the accumulation rules of the effective constituents in Ophiopogonis Radix to provide theoretical support for its production and quality control. METHODS: Ophiopogonis Radix samples in different growth phases were harvested, and the total polysaccharides, total flavones, and total saponins in the sampleswere measured by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Methylophiopogonanone A, ophiopogonin C, ophiopogonin D, and ophiopogonin D'were determined by HPLC. RESULTS: The contents of total polysaccharides, total flavones, and total saponins in Ophiopogonis Radix were positively correlated with root growth time. The contents of three categories of constituents increased with the prolongation of root growth time, but the accumulative rate was inconsistent in different growth phases, which had a slight decrease after reaching the maximum at the end of March. The accumulation trend of six single components were basically the same to the three categories of constituents. For samples with same harvest time, the content of the main constituents was higher in the samples treated by paclobutrazol than those without paclobutrazol treatment. CONCLUSION: The variation trend of the main chemical components in Ophiopogonis Radix is basically the same to that of the root growth. Methylo-phiopogonanone A and phiopogonin D are the most representative, and they could be taken as evaluation index to guide production and quality control of Ophiopogonis Radix.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To establish an HPLC method for simultaneous determination of methylophiopogonone A, methylophiopogonanone A, and methylophiopogonanone B. METHODS: Comatex C18 column (4.6 mm×50 mm, 5 μm) was used for the HPLC analysis. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and water (58:42) and was eluted at the flow rate of 1 mL·min-1. The column temperature was maitained at 30℃. The detection wavelength was set at 280 nm. The injection volume was 15.0 μL. RESULTS: The linear regression equations of methylophiopogonone A, methylophiopogonanone A and methylophiopogonanone B were Y=493321p+31262 (r=0.9999), Y=605744p+40941 (r=0.9999), and Y=586672p+39657 (r=0.9999), respectively. The average recovery rates of the three flavones respectively were 100.59% (RSD=1.51%), 99.27% (RSD=1.28%), and 100.04% (RSD=1.33%). CONCLUSION: The established method for simultaneous determination of flavone constituents in Ophiopogonis Radix is accurate and sensitive, with good repeatability. It can be applied to the quality evaluation of Ophiopogonis Radix.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To explore the effect of different treatment on Codonopsis pilosula seed germination and seedling growth, and then find out the best treatment method. Methods: C. pilosula was pretreated by different methods, culture was carried out by thermostatic cultivation, and C. pilosula seed germination and seedling growth (30 d) were observed, then the data were analyzed with statistic. Results: Temperature and soil moisture had the significant impact on C. pilosula seed germination and seedling growth, the optimum temperature was 20-30℃, optimum humidity was 45%-75%. C. pilosula seed germination and seedling growth could be effectively promoted by potash treatment, chemicals at suitable concentration, and growth regulators. However, the growth regulators could change the seedling morphological characteristics, C. pilosula seed germination and seedling growth fast with potash treatment, plant was normal and has less disease. Conclusion: Potash treatment is beneficial to seed germination and seedling growth, so as to effectively improve the seedlings yield and quality. Potash treatment could be widely used in C. pilosula field seedling production.
ABSTRACT
This research is to establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of ophiopogonin D, ophiopogonin D', ophiopogonin C, deacetylophiopojaponin A and ophiogenin-3-O-α-L-rhamnosyl-(1-->2)-β-D-glucoside in Ophiopogonis Radix. HPLC-ELSD analysis was performed on a Kromasil 100-5 C₁₈ column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 µm), with the mobile phase of acetonitrile (A) -water (B) in gradient elution mode (0-45 min, 35%-55% A), at a flow rate of 1 mL · min⁻¹. The column temperature was 35 °C and the drift tube temperature was 100 °C in a gas flow rate of 3.0 L · min⁻¹. The result showed that baseline of all the 5 constituents was well separated, and every constituent had wide linearity range and good linear relation (r > 0.999). The recovery rate was between 95.75% and 103.1%. The new established method for simultaneous determination of saponin constituents in Ophiopogonis Radix was sensitive and has good, repeatability. It could be applied to quality evaluation of Ophiopogonis Radix.
Subject(s)
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Methods , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Ophiopogon , Chemistry , Plant Roots , Chemistry , Saponins , ChemistryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of relay intercropping Ophiopogonis Radix and vegetables by measuring the yield and contents of effective components and fingerprint analysis. METHODS: The field capacity when relay intercropping Ophiopogonis Radix and vegetables was evaluated, taking Ophiopogonis Radix monoculture as control. The contents of major compound of Ophiopogonis Radix were measured by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography, and the HPLC fingerprint of Ophiopogonis Radix was established. RESULTS: Relay intercropping vegetables reduced the yield of Ophiopogonis Radix to some extent, but the land equivalent ratios were all more than 1, indicating that it is advantageous to intercrop Ophiopogonis Radix and vegetables. Relay intercropping vegetables did not reduce the contents of chemical constituents in Ophiopogonis Radix significantly. The similarities of all the HPLC fingerprint chromatograms were greater than 0.990. CONCLUSION: Relay intercropping Ophiopogonis Radix and vegetables is a feasible pattern to solve the contention for land between Ophiopogonis Radix and vegetables in the main producing areas of Ophiopogonis Radix, and can be applied and generalized.